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C# Getting Started (Hello World example)


Before we study basic building blocks of the C# programming language, let's look at an example C# program structure so that we can use it as a reference in upcoming tutorials.

C# Hello World Example

A C# program basically consists of the following parts:

  • Namespace declaration
  • A class
  • Class methods
  • Class attributes
  • A Main method
  • Statements & Expressions
  • Comments

Take a look at our first C# program that would print the words "Hello World":

using System;
namespace HelloWorldApplication
{
   class HelloWorld
   {
      static void Main(string[] args)
      {
         /* my first program in C# */
         Console.WriteLine("Hello World");
         Console.ReadKey();
      }
   }
}

When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result:

Hello World

The first line of the program states using System;
- the using keyword is used to include the System namespace in the program. A program generally has multiple using statements.

The next line has the namespace declaration. A namespace is a collection of classes. The HelloWorldApplication namespace contains the class HelloWorld.

The next line has a class declaration, the class HelloWorld contains the data and method definitions that your program uses. Classes generally would contain more than one method. Methods define the behavior of the class. However, the HelloWorld class has only one method Main.

The next line defines the Main method, which is the entry point for all C# programs. The Main method states what the class will do when executed

The next line // will be ignored by the compiler and it has been put to add additional comments in the program.

The Main method specifies its behavior with the statement Console.WriteLine("Hello World");

WriteLine is a method of the Console class defined in the System namespace. This statement causes the message "Hello, World!" to be displayed on the screen.

The last line Console.ReadKey(); is for you, the VS.NET end-user. This makes the program wait for a key stroke and it prevents the screen from running and closing quickly when the program is launched from Visual Studio .NET.

A few more interesting C# points:

  • C# is case sensitive
  • All statements and expression must end with a semicolon (;)
  • The program execution starts at the Main method
  • Unlike Java, file name could be different from the class name

Compiling and Executing  a C# Program


If you are using Visual Studio.Net for compiling and executing C# programs, take the following steps:

  • Start Visual Studio
  • On the menu bar, choose File, New, Project
  • Choose Visual C# from templates, and then choose Windows
  • Choose Console Application
  • Specify a name for your project, and then choose the OK button
  • The new project appears in Solution Explorer
  • Write code in the Code Editor
  • Click the Run button or the F5 key to run the project. A Command Prompt window appears that contains the line Hello World

You can also compile a C# program by using the command-line instead of the Visual Studio IDE:

  • Open a text editor and add the above-mentioned code
  • Save the file as helloworld.cs
  • Open the command prompt tool and go to the directory where you saved the file
  • Type csc helloworld.cs and press enter to compile your code
  • If there are no errors in your code, the command prompt will take you to the next line and would generate helloworld.exe executable file
  • Next, type helloworld to execute your program
  • You will be able to see "Hello World" printed on the screen.